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envolveu 7641 doentes sem hist&#243;ria cl&#237;nica de DCV&#44; mas com pelo menos um fator de risco&#46; Destes&#44; 20&#44;8&#37; tinham n&#237;veis de TG elevados &#40;&#8805; 2&#44;3 mmol&#47;l ou 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; 22&#44;1&#37; tinham redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;HDL &#40;&#60; 1&#44;0 mmol&#47;l ou 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl nos homens e &#60; 1&#44;3 mmol&#47;l ou 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl nas mulheres&#41; e 9&#44;9&#37; apresentavam ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es simultaneamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; cerca de 55&#37; destes doentes n&#227;o estavam a fazer qualquer tratamento antidislipid&#233;mico&#46; O estudo DYSIS &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dyslipidemia International Study</span>&#41;&#44; por outro lado&#44; avaliou a preval&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es lip&#237;dicas em doentes j&#225; medicados com estatinas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Em Portugal foram inclu&#237;dos 916 doentes e os resultados mostraram que 39&#44;2&#37; tinham n&#237;veis de TG elevados &#40;&#62; 1&#44;7 mmol&#47;l ou 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41; e 22&#44;2&#37; tinham n&#237;veis de c&#8208;HDL reduzidos &#40;&#60; 1&#44;0 mmol&#47;l ou 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl nos homens e &#60;1&#44;2 mmol&#47;l ou 46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl nas mulheres&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; J&#225; numa fase posterior e a n&#237;vel internacional&#44; o estudo DYSIS II incluiu 10 661 doentes com doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel ou s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Dos que tinham prescrita terap&#234;utica antidislipid&#233;mica&#44; a mediana e os intervalos interquartil &#40;IQR&#41; dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;HDL situavam&#8208;se nos 42&#44;0 mg&#47;dl &#40;35&#44;0&#8208;51&#44;0&#41; e 39&#44;0 mg&#47;dl &#40;33&#44;0&#8208;47&#44;0&#41;&#44; enquanto que os de TG estavam nos 120&#44;0 mg&#47;dl &#40;89&#44;0 &#8211; 164&#44;0&#41; e 127&#44;0 mg&#47;dl &#40;94&#44;0 &#8208; 177&#44;0&#41;&#44; respetivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Estes resultados&#44; no seu conjunto&#44; apontam para uma frequ&#234;ncia elevada de altera&#231;&#245;es lip&#237;dicas consistentes com o fen&#243;tipo da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; sugerindo que esta patologia se encontra subdiagnosticada e submedicada&#46; Tendo em considera&#231;&#227;o a sua relev&#226;ncia no risco CV residual&#44; urge investir na educa&#231;&#227;o e informa&#231;&#227;o dos profissionais de sa&#250;de de forma a melhorar a dete&#231;&#227;o&#44; monitora&#231;&#227;o e tratamento desta forma de dislipidemia&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo&#44; designado CODAP &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Consenso Dislipidemia Aterog&#233;nica Portugal</span>&#41;&#44; teve como principais objetivos&#58; i&#41; analisar a opini&#227;o dos peritos portugueses e gerar um consenso relativamente &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o&#44; ao diagn&#243;stico e &#224; melhor terap&#234;utica para doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#59; ii&#41; contribuir para uma uniformiza&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica neste contexto&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Desenho do estudo</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo consistiu na aplica&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio a um grupo de especialistas seguindo uma metodologia Delphi adaptada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46; De forma breve&#44; esta metodologia envolve o desenvolvimento de um inqu&#233;rito por parte de uma comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica&#44; inqu&#233;rito esse que &#233; posteriormente distribu&#237;do a um painel de especialistas previamente convidados a participar no estudo&#46; As respostas obtidas inicialmente &#40;primeira volta&#41; s&#227;o analisadas pela comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica&#44; sendo que as quest&#245;es para as quais n&#227;o se verificar consenso podem ser alteradas e reenviadas ao painel cient&#237;fico &#40;juntamente com os resultados da primeira volta&#41; solicitando nova resposta&#46; Este processo &#233; repetido at&#233; &#224; obten&#231;&#227;o de uma percentagem de consenso considerada satisfat&#243;ria&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo desenvolveu&#8208;se em quatro etapas diferentes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#41;&#58; 1&#41; forma&#231;&#227;o de uma comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica e elabora&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio sobre v&#225;rios aspetos da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#59; 2&#41; escolha e convite de membros para o painel de especialistas&#44; constitu&#237;do por m&#233;dicos especialistas de diferentes &#225;reas&#59; 3&#41; resposta ao inqu&#233;rito por parte do painel de especialistas &#40;em duas voltas&#41;&#59; e 4&#41; an&#225;lise e discuss&#227;o dos resultados finais por parte da comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica&#46; Os convites para o painel de especialistas foram feitos de forma a assegurar a maior representatividade poss&#237;vel dos m&#233;dicos envolvidos na dete&#231;&#227;o e no tratamento da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; tendo sido inclu&#237;das quatro especialidades diferentes&#58; cardiologia&#44; medicina interna&#44; medicina geral e familiar e endocrinologia&#46; Os m&#233;dicos convidados foram cuidadosamente selecionados a partir da listagem dos s&#243;cios da Sociedade Portuguesa de Aterosclerose ou outras sociedades cient&#237;ficas pertinentes&#44; sendo todos eles m&#233;dicos especialistas de reconhecida compet&#234;ncia sobre o tema abordado&#46; Para garantir uma representatividade id&#234;ntica de todas as especialidades&#44; um n&#250;mero semelhante de convites &#40;10&#8208;12&#41; foi enviado para cada grupo&#44; com exce&#231;&#227;o da endocrinologia &#40;que incluiu um subgrupo de m&#233;dicos com particular interesse na diabetologia&#44; totalizando 17 convites&#41;&#46; O question&#225;rio foi colocado numa plataforma <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online</span> e as respostas foram recolhidas por via eletr&#243;nica&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Cria&#231;&#227;o do question&#225;rio e defini&#231;&#227;o de consenso</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O question&#225;rio inicial incluiu 43 afirma&#231;&#245;es sobre diferentes aspetos da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#58; tr&#234;s diziam respeito &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o do conceito&#44; tr&#234;s a aspetos de epidemiologia&#44; sete ao impacto da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica no risco de DCV&#44; oito a m&#233;todos de dete&#231;&#227;o e diagn&#243;stico&#44; sete a objetivos terap&#234;uticos e 15 ao tratamento&#46; Estes itens foram avaliados pelos membros do painel de acordo com uma escala tipo Likert de 1 a 9 &#40;1&#44; discordo totalmente&#59; 9&#44; concordo totalmente&#41;&#44; em que cada op&#231;&#227;o podia ser fundamentada pelos membros do painel atrav&#233;s do preenchimento de um campo livre no question&#225;rio&#46; Foi considerado que existia consenso sempre que se verificavam simultaneamente as seguintes condi&#231;&#245;es&#58; 1&#41; a mediana das respostas dos membros do painel situava&#8208;se no intervalo 1 a 3 &#40;consenso em desacordo&#41; ou 7 a 9 &#40;consenso em acordo&#41;&#59; 2&#41; o intervalo interquartil da mediana era igual ou inferior a 4&#59; 3&#41; o n&#250;mero de membros do painel que votaram fora do intervalo de consenso &#40;1 a 3 ou 7 a 9&#41; era inferior a um ter&#231;o &#40;33&#44;33&#37;&#41; dos votos totais&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Numa fase inicial&#44; 50 m&#233;dicos foram convidados a participar no estudo&#58; 12 especialistas em cardiologia&#44; 11 em medicina interna&#44; 10 em medicina geral e familiar e 17 em endocrinologia&#46; Na primeira volta obtiveram&#8208;se 34 respostas&#44; o que corresponde a uma taxa de participa&#231;&#227;o de 68&#44;0&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#41;&#46; As taxas de participa&#231;&#227;o por especialidade foram as seguintes&#58; 58&#44;3&#37; em cardiologia&#44; 90&#44;9&#37; em medicina interna&#44; 80&#44;0&#37; em medicina geral e familiar e 52&#44;9&#37; em endocrinologia&#46; Ap&#243;s a segunda &#40;e &#250;ltima&#41; volta do question&#225;rio obtiveram&#8208;se 33 respostas&#44; o que corresponde a uma taxa de participa&#231;&#227;o final de 66&#44;0&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#41;&#46; O membro do painel que n&#227;o respondeu &#224; segunda volta pertencia &#224; especialidade de cardiologia&#44; que teve assim uma taxa de participa&#231;&#227;o final de 50&#44;0&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Trinta e seis &#40;83&#44;7&#37;&#41; dos 43 itens colocados &#224; considera&#231;&#227;o foram consensuais &#40;em concord&#226;ncia&#41; ap&#243;s a primeira volta do question&#225;rio &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> e <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#46; Dos sete itens n&#227;o consensuais&#44; tr&#234;s foram reformulados e quatro foram mantidos tal como estavam&#44; sendo que para dois deles foi expressamente solicitado aos membros do painel uma justifica&#231;&#227;o para a sua op&#231;&#227;o&#46; Ap&#243;s a segunda volta&#44; dois dos sete itens n&#227;o consensuais obtiveram anu&#234;ncia &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#58; itens III&#46;1 e VI&#46;15&#46; A percentagem de consenso final foi ent&#227;o de 88&#44;4&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a>&#46; e <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabela 1</a>&#41;&#44; sendo que para cinco itens n&#227;o foi encontrado consenso&#58; III&#46;3&#44; IV&#46;7&#44; V&#46;I&#44; VI&#46;9 e VI&#46;14&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tendo como base a informa&#231;&#227;o presente na literatura e as respostas obtidas no question&#225;rio&#44; e com vista a uniformizar a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica no contexto da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; a comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica elaborou um algoritmo de tratamento para doentes com risco de eventos CV elevado ou muito elevado &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">figura 2</a>&#41;&#46; Este algoritmo considera que&#44; ap&#243;s normaliza&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL num doente medicado com estatina e com um estilo de vida saud&#225;vel&#44; a possibilidade de dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica deve ser avaliada&#46; Em caso de confirma&#231;&#227;o desta patologia&#44; a comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica considera que a melhor terap&#234;utica dispon&#237;vel atualmente consiste na associa&#231;&#227;o do fenofibrato &#224; estatina&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discuss&#227;o</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo revelou que a opini&#227;o dos especialistas portugueses sobre a defini&#231;&#227;o&#44; import&#226;ncia&#44; diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#233;&#44; em grande parte&#44; consensual&#44; sendo que se verificou concord&#226;ncia entre os peritos em 88&#44;4&#37; dos itens&#46; Este valor foi semelhante ao reportado num estudo an&#225;logo feito em Espanha&#44; em que se obteve uma taxa de consenso de 87&#44;4&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; a participa&#231;&#227;o foi inferior ao expect&#225;vel&#44; tendo&#8208;se obtido respostas apenas a 66&#37; dos convites enviados &#40;ap&#243;s as duas voltas&#41;&#46; Se&#44; numa fase inicial&#44; se procurou que os membros do painel estivessem distribu&#237;dos de forma homog&#233;nea pelas especialidades com maior experi&#234;ncia e viv&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica relativamente ao problema abordado &#8211; cardiologia&#44; medicina interna&#44; medicina geral e familiar e endocrinologia &#40;esta &#250;ltima especialidade incluindo um subgrupo de m&#233;dicos particularmente interessados em diabetologia&#41; &#8211; no fim verificou&#8208;se que algumas especialidades tiveram uma representatividade claramente superior&#46; Esta limita&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; espec&#237;fica deste estudo&#44; mas &#233; antes uma quest&#227;o inerente a qualquer metodologia que assente na an&#225;lise de respostas a um question&#225;rio&#58; &#233; imposs&#237;vel garantir&#44; &#224; partida&#44; um determinado n&#250;mero de respostas ou a sua distribui&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; consideramos que as repostas obtidas s&#227;o representativas de um grupo de m&#233;dicos com interesse no tema &#8211; independentemente da sua especialidade &#8211; e que a sua an&#225;lise e divulga&#231;&#227;o cumpre os objetivos iniciais&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentro dos t&#243;picos consensuais&#44; destacam&#8208;se os relativos &#224; defini&#231;&#227;o e epidemiologia da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; os &#250;nicos em que foi obtido consenso para todos os itens&#46; A defini&#231;&#227;o anal&#237;tica de dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; descrita como uma combina&#231;&#227;o de valores baixos de c&#8208;HDL &#40;&#60; 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#91;&#60; 1&#44;0 mmol&#47;l&#41; e &#60; 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#91;&#60; 1&#44;3 mmol&#47;l&#93; nos homens e nas mulheres&#44; respetivamente&#41;&#44; TG elevados &#40;&#8805; 150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl ou &#8805; 1&#44;7 mmol&#47;l&#41;&#44; e um aumento da propor&#231;&#227;o de part&#237;culas LDL pequenas e densas em doentes de alto risco&#44; foi consensual e teve o acordo &#40;vota&#231;&#227;o na zona 7 a 9&#41; de 94&#44;3&#37; dos membros do painel&#46; Esta defini&#231;&#227;o &#233; globalmente aceite na literatura atual e foi a usada num artigo recente de consenso que reuniu especialistas europeus em DCV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;15</span></a>&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; &#233; importante referir que os valores usados nesta defini&#231;&#227;o podem variar&#58; a t&#237;tulo de exemplo&#44; a SEA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Arteriosclerosis</span>&#41; e um grupo de especialistas europeus publicaram recentemente dois artigos em que foi assumido um limite de 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;2&#44;3 mmol&#47;l&#41; para os TG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a>&#46; Relativamente &#224; epidemiologia&#44; e tamb&#233;m de acordo com a evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica e epidemiol&#243;gica dispon&#237;vel&#44; o painel foi consensual no reconhecimento de que a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#233; particularmente prevalente em doentes com obesidade&#44; s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; DM tipo 2 e outras altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas ou doen&#231;as autoimunes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;17</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m disso&#44; 80&#37; dos inquiridos concordaram &#40;vota&#231;&#227;o na zona 7 a 9&#41; que a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica est&#225; subdiagnosticada e subtratada&#44; algo que tem vindo a ser reconhecido em diferentes estudos e que parece ser uma realidade a n&#237;vel global<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A import&#226;ncia dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL no rastreio&#44; na estimativa de risco CV&#44; no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento dos doentes foi consensual para o painel de inquiridos&#46; Foi tamb&#233;m consensual a aceita&#231;&#227;o de objetivos terap&#234;uticos de c&#8208;LDL personalizados de acordo com o n&#237;vel de risco do doente&#44; tal como preconizado nas linhas orientadoras da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica publicadas em conjunto pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Society of Cardiology</span> &#40;ESC&#41; e pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">European Atherosclerosis Society</span> &#40;EAS&#41;&#44; entre outras<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; e n&#227;o obstante a incontorn&#225;vel import&#226;ncia dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL neste contexto&#44; o painel reconheceu a exist&#234;ncia de um risco residual que persiste ap&#243;s serem atingidos os objetivos terap&#234;uticos relativos a esta fra&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica&#46; Esta perce&#231;&#227;o vai de encontro &#224; que &#233; sustentada pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Residual Risk Reduction Initiative</span> &#40;R<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>i&#41;&#44; que recentemente reviu a sua primeira publica&#231;&#227;o e real&#231;ou&#44; apoiada por uma extensa revis&#227;o da literatura&#44; o papel preponderante do desequil&#237;brio causado pela eleva&#231;&#227;o dos TG e redu&#231;&#227;o do c&#8208;HDL no risco residual de DCV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;20</span></a>&#46; De facto&#44; mesmo a terap&#234;utica m&#233;dica otimizada incluindo inibidores de PCSK9 &#40;proprote&#237;na convertase subtilisina&#8208;kexina tipo 9&#41;&#44; novos f&#225;rmacos capazes de reduzir significativamente os n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; parece ser incapaz de eliminar o risco CV na sua totalidade&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Em conformidade com o reconhecimento do risco residual&#44; o painel identificou o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL como um importante marcador de risco de DCV&#46; De facto&#44; 71&#44;9&#37; dos elementos inquiridos consideraram &#40;vota&#231;&#227;o na zona 7 a 9&#41; que o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL &#233; um marcador de risco melhor do que o c&#8208;LDL em doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46; Esta vis&#227;o &#233; amplamente suportada pela literatura&#58; o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#44; sendo o somat&#243;rio do c&#8208;LDL e do colesterol remanescente &#40;constitu&#237;do pelo c&#8208;VLDL e pelo c&#8208;IDL &#91;lipoprote&#237;nas de densidade interm&#233;dia&#93;&#41;&#44; representa a fra&#231;&#227;o aterog&#233;nica do colesterol de uma forma mais abrangente do que o c&#8208;LDL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;22&#8211;24</span></a>&#46; Tal tem vindo a ser progressivamente reconhecido pela comunidade m&#233;dica internacional&#44; sendo que o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL come&#231;a a assumir um papel importante nas linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#58; enquanto a ESC&#47;EAS&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Atherosclerosis Society</span> &#40;IAS&#41; e a Sociedade Canadiana de DCV definem o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL como um objetivo terap&#234;utico &#171;secund&#225;rio&#187; ou &#171;alternativo&#187; ao c&#8208;LDL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;25&#44;26</span></a>&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Lipid Association</span> &#40;NLA&#41; e a publica&#231;&#227;o conjunta da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists</span> &#40;AACE&#41; e da <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">American College of Endocrinology</span> &#40;ACE&#41; estabelecem objetivos paralelos para o c&#8208;LDL e para o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a> e a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">National Institute for Health and Care Excelence</span> &#40;NICE&#41; estabelece o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL como &#250;nico objetivo terap&#234;utico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; No mesmo sentido&#44; um consenso recente das Sociedades Cient&#237;ficas Portuguesas sustenta que o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL deve ser ponderado como um indicador superior de risco na abordagem cl&#237;nica da dislipidemia e como um objetivo terap&#234;utico secund&#225;rio a ser almejado&#44; particularmente em certas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e&#46;g&#46;</span> presen&#231;a de hipertrigliceridemia&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; &#201; tamb&#233;m de referir neste contexto que o painel considerou que os n&#237;veis de ApoB podem ser uma alternativa ao colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#46; Muito embora n&#227;o sendo id&#234;nticos&#44; os n&#237;veis de colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL est&#227;o intrinsecamente relacionados com os de ApoB&#44; o que justifica a perce&#231;&#227;o desta equival&#234;ncia e o facto de muitas das linhas orientadoras acima referidas apontarem tamb&#233;m objetivos terap&#234;uticos para a ApoB&#46; No entanto&#44; o facto de o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL ser facilmente determinado e reconhecido por todos os profissionais de sa&#250;de torna&#8208;o um objetivo terap&#234;utico mais atrativo&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Curiosamente&#44; a import&#226;ncia dos TG no risco de DCV n&#227;o foi consensual entre os membros do painel&#46; De facto&#44; e durante v&#225;rias d&#233;cadas&#44; era assumido que os TG n&#227;o desempenhavam um papel relevante no desenvolvimento da DCV&#46; No entanto&#44; estudos recentes vieram a demonstrar que concentra&#231;&#245;es elevadas de TG e colesterol remanescente contribuem diretamente para a fisiopatologia da doen&#231;a isqu&#233;mica card&#237;aca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;32</span></a>&#46; Sabe&#8208;se hoje que TG entre os 200 e os 600<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;2&#44;3 a 6&#44;8 mmol&#47;l&#41; indica acumula&#231;&#227;o de part&#237;culas de colesterol remanescentes ricas em TG que s&#227;o altamente aterog&#233;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a>&#46; De referir ainda que existem tr&#234;s ensaios cl&#237;nicos que est&#227;o a analisar a incid&#234;ncia de DCV em doentes com hipertrigliceridemia no sentido de confirmar que n&#237;veis elevados de TG contribuem de forma significativa para o risco residual de DCV&#58; em dois deles est&#227;o a ser usados &#225;cidos gordos &#243;mega&#8208;3 &#40;formula&#231;&#245;es de &#225;cidos carbox&#237;licos ou &#233;steres et&#237;licos de &#225;cido eicosapentan&#243;ico puro&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#44; enquanto no terceiro est&#225; a ser usado um novo fibrato &#40;pemafibrato&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201; importante notar que&#44; ao reconhecer a import&#226;ncia do colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#44; o painel reconhece&#44; de alguma forma&#44; a relev&#226;ncia dos TG&#44; j&#225; que a concentra&#231;&#227;o dos &#250;ltimos est&#225; intrinsecamente relacionada com a concentra&#231;&#227;o de c&#8208;VLDL e c&#8208;IDL&#46; Da mesma forma&#44; o painel n&#227;o foi consensual no que diz respeito &#224; valoriza&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de TG no diagn&#243;stico e escolha terap&#234;utica&#44; mas concordou com a necessidade de tratar a hipertrigliceridemia &#40;valores superiores a 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#91;2&#44;3 mmol&#47;l&#93;&#41; em doentes de alto risco&#44; tal como &#233; recomendado pelas linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica da ESC&#47;EAS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Isto sugere que a falta de consenso nas quest&#245;es relacionadas com os TG poder&#225; estar relacionada n&#227;o com uma aus&#234;ncia de valoriza&#231;&#227;o desta fra&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica&#44; mas antes com as v&#225;rias considera&#231;&#245;es &#40;e limita&#231;&#245;es&#41; inerentes &#224; sua quantifica&#231;&#227;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;38</span></a>&#46; De facto&#44; &#233; sabido que os valores de TG apresentam uma varia&#231;&#227;o intraindividual n&#227;o desprez&#237;vel&#44; o que pode colocar dificuldades &#224; sua interpreta&#231;&#227;o&#46; Uma quest&#227;o recorrente &#233; se a sua medi&#231;&#227;o deve ser feita em jejum ou no per&#237;odo p&#243;s&#8208;prandial&#44; com dados recentes a confirmar que os n&#237;veis de TG ap&#243;s refei&#231;&#245;es podem conter informa&#231;&#245;es suplementares sobre o colesterol remanescente&#44; sendo&#44; portanto&#44; uma medi&#231;&#227;o complementar &#224; dos TG em jejum<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; Seja como for&#44; e neste contexto&#44; os especialistas tender&#227;o a favorecer o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#44; que &#233; de f&#225;cil determina&#231;&#227;o e cujo valor providencia uma medida indireta dos TG&#46; &#201; tamb&#233;m poss&#237;vel que a evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica atualmente dispon&#237;vel n&#227;o seja suficientemente robusta para convencer uma propor&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel dos especialistas sobre a import&#226;ncia dos TG&#46; Neste contexto&#44; &#233; interessante notar que o papel destas part&#237;culas lip&#237;dicas como fator de risco independente para a DCV tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi consensual no estudo sobre a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica feito junto de especialistas espanh&#243;is<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Um outro ponto n&#227;o consensual foi o V&#46;I&#58; o painel n&#227;o concordou nem discordou com a afirma&#231;&#227;o de que o objetivo terap&#234;utico dever&#225; ser uma redu&#231;&#227;o global dos n&#237;veis lip&#237;dicos&#44; por oposi&#231;&#227;o ao atingimento de valores particulares nos diferentes componentes do perfil lip&#237;dico&#46; A aus&#234;ncia de consenso neste ponto poder&#225; ter diferentes interpreta&#231;&#245;es&#46; Por um lado&#44; pode demonstrar o reconhecimento do significado da fra&#231;&#227;o de c&#8208;HDL&#44; cujo valor est&#225; inversamente relacionado com o risco de DCV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&#46; Por outro lado&#44; pode tamb&#233;m estar relacionada com uma quest&#227;o mais conceptual&#44; que se prende com o facto de o objetivo da terapia ser reduzir o risco CV &#40;e n&#227;o reduzir a presen&#231;a dos marcadores de risco&#41;&#46; De facto&#44; mesmo nas linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica que estabelecem valores alvo de c&#8208;LDL ou de colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#44; estes valores s&#227;o geralmente objetivados em fun&#231;&#227;o do risco de cada doente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;27&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Estas quest&#245;es poder&#227;o ter levantado algumas d&#250;vidas na interpreta&#231;&#227;o deste item&#44; justificando a dispers&#227;o de votos e a consequente aus&#234;ncia de consenso&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No que se refere ao tratamento&#44; o painel foi un&#226;nime no reconhecimento da import&#226;ncia de um estilo de vida saud&#225;vel no tratamento das dislipidemias&#44; bem como na escolha das estatinas como f&#225;rmacos de primeira linha para o tratamento destas patologias em doentes com risco de DCV elevado ou muito elevado e a adi&#231;&#227;o de ezetimiba &#224; terapia de indiv&#237;duos que n&#227;o alcan&#231;aram o objetivo terap&#234;utico de c&#8208;LDL&#46; Estes itens v&#227;o de encontro &#224; generalidade do que &#233; recomendado na maioria das linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o de pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;25&#8211;29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de fibratos na terap&#234;utica da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica tamb&#233;m foi&#44; de forma geral&#44; consensual&#46; De facto&#44; o painel reconheceu que os fibratos s&#227;o indicados para a redu&#231;&#227;o dos TG e que a associa&#231;&#227;o de fenofibrato &#224;s estatinas pode ser considerada para tratar a hipertrigliceridemia em indiv&#237;duos de alto risco&#44; bem como o RCV residual associado &#224; dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica em indiv&#237;duos diab&#233;ticos&#46; De referir que o fenofibrato apresenta um risco baixo de intera&#231;&#245;es medicamentosas &#40;sendo um fraco inibidor da CYP2C19 e da CYP2A6 e&#44; em concentra&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas&#44; um inibidor discreto da CYP2C9&#41;&#44; bem como uma interfer&#234;ncia reduzida na glucuronida&#231;&#227;o das estatinas e um perfil de seguran&#231;a comprovado em estudos de interven&#231;&#227;o&#46; No entanto&#44; n&#227;o houve consenso no reconhecimento de que os fibratos &#40;nomeadamente o fenofibrato&#41; devem ser usados para tratar o risco CV residual associado &#224; dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46; Esta aparente discrep&#226;ncia sobre o valor terap&#234;utico do fenofibrato no contexto da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica encontra justifica&#231;&#227;o na literatura&#58; os dois principais ensaios aleatorizados que estudaram a efic&#225;cia do fenofibrato &#8211; o FIELD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes</span>&#41; e o ACCORD &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes</span>&#41; &#8211; foram considerados globalmente negativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#44;41</span></a>&#46; De facto&#44; em nenhum deles foi atingida signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica relativamente ao objetivo principal &#40;ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos coron&#225;rios &#91;doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria card&#237;aca fatal ou enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal&#93; no FIELD e ocorr&#234;ncia de enfarte do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal&#44; acidente vascular cerebral &#91;AVC&#93; n&#227;o fatal ou morte por causas cardiovasculares no ACCORD&#41;&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; alguns resultados secund&#225;rios do FIELD s&#227;o claramente favor&#225;veis &#224; utiliza&#231;&#227;o de fenofibrato&#44; dos quais se destaca uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 24&#37; em enfartes do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatais e uma redu&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m significativa de 11&#37; no n&#250;mero total de eventos cardiovasculares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#8211;45</span></a>&#46; Acresce que a percentagem de indiv&#237;duos que iniciou tratamento com outros f&#225;rmacos antidislipid&#233;micos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e&#46;g&#46;</span> estatinas&#41; foi superior no grupo tratado com placebo &#40;17&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 8&#37; no grupo tratado com fenofibrato&#44; p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; o que poder&#225; ter disfar&#231;ado o efeito ben&#233;fico do f&#225;rmaco experimental&#46; J&#225; no ACCORD&#44; uma an&#225;lise de um subgrupo de indiv&#237;duos com n&#237;veis de TG superiores a 204<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl e n&#237;veis de c&#8208;HDL inferiores a 34<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl mostrou que o tratamento com fenofibrato esteve associado a uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 31&#37; na incid&#234;ncia de eventos CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;45&#44;46</span></a>&#46; &#201; importante referir que esta era uma an&#225;lise pr&#233;&#8208;especificada no protocolo do ACCORD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m disso&#44; uma extens&#227;o do seguimento dos doentes envolvidos no ACCORD &#40;designada Accordion&#41; sugeriu um poss&#237;vel efeito legado do fenofibrato&#58; cinco anos ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino do estudo original&#44; os doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica tratados com fenofibrato continuavam a ter um risco de eventos CV significativamente menor do que haviam sido tratados com placebo &#40;HR &#61; 0&#44;73&#59; IC 95&#37; &#61; 0&#44;56&#8208;0&#44;95&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&#46; Finalmente&#44; numa meta&#8208;an&#225;lise que incluiu o FIELD&#44; o ACCORD e tr&#234;s outros ensaios aleatorizados foi estimado que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de fibratos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> placebo&#41; diminu&#237;a em 30&#37; o risco de eventos CV em indiv&#237;duos com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;0001&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&#46; Todos estes resultados demonstram a import&#226;ncia dos fibratos&#44; nomeadamente do fenofibrato&#44; no tratamento de doentes que apresentam um fen&#243;tipo consistente com a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46; Como tal&#44; a adi&#231;&#227;o de fibratos ao tratamento destes doentes &#233; j&#225; considerada em algumas linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; muito embora seja feita de forma cautelosa dada a inexist&#234;ncia de ensaios cl&#237;nicos aleatorizados especificamente desenvolvidos em popula&#231;&#245;es de doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;19&#44;25&#8211;27&#44;50</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surpreendentemente&#44; o painel tamb&#233;m n&#227;o foi consensual relativamente aos efeitos ben&#233;ficos dos fibratos nas complica&#231;&#245;es microvasculares dos doentes diab&#233;ticos&#44; com apenas 59&#44;4&#37; dos inquiridos a votarem na zona de concord&#226;ncia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a>&#46; No entanto&#44; a evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica parece ser clara a este prop&#243;sito&#44; mostrando que o tratamento com fibratos melhora &#40;ou atrasa o desenvolvimento de&#41; a retinopatia e albumin&#250;ria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#8211;46</span></a>&#46; Este resultado real&#231;a a import&#226;ncia da divulga&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica e da forma&#231;&#227;o profissional cont&#237;nua dos m&#233;dicos em exerc&#237;cio&#44; de forma a garantir a atualiza&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento e adequa&#231;&#227;o das pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas &#224; melhor evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O algoritmo de tratamento proposto pela comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica foi baseado na literatura e nas respostas obtidas ao inqu&#233;rito proposto&#46; De forma geral&#44; este algoritmo &#233; concordante com as linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica discutidas acima no que diz respeito a&#58; import&#226;ncia de um estilo de vida saud&#225;vel como base fundamental da terap&#234;utica&#59; utiliza&#231;&#227;o de estatinas como f&#225;rmaco antidislipid&#233;mico de primeira linha em indiv&#237;duos com risco de DCV elevado ou muito elevado&#59; avalia&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL como objetivo terap&#234;utico prim&#225;rio&#59; e revis&#227;o da terap&#234;utica com estatinas&#44; avalia&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o terap&#234;utica e&#47;ou associa&#231;&#227;o de ezetimiba &#40;ou inibidores de PCSK9&#41; quando os objetivos de c&#8208;LDL n&#227;o s&#227;o alcan&#231;ados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;25&#8211;28&#44;50</span></a>&#46; A terap&#234;utica de associa&#231;&#227;o do fenofibrato &#224; estatina &#233;&#44; como foi descrito acima&#44; considerada em algumas linhas de orienta&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica&#44; embora n&#227;o seja inequivocamente recomendada&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; a comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica considerou que a evid&#234;ncia reunida &#233; j&#225; suficiente para justificar a recomenda&#231;&#227;o desta associa&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica como a melhor alternativa dispon&#237;vel em situa&#231;&#245;es de indiv&#237;duos com risco de DCV elevado ou muito elevado e dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica que persiste apesar de tratamento com estatinas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40&#8211;46&#44;48&#44;49</span></a>&#46; Para al&#233;m disso&#44; o fenofibrato &#233; o &#250;nico fibrato aprovado pela Ag&#234;ncia Europeia para o Medicamento &#40;EMA&#41; como um adjuvante da dieta ou outro tratamento&#47;medida n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica para hiperlipidemia mista em doentes com risco cardiovascular elevado&#44; em conjuga&#231;&#227;o com uma estatina&#44; quando os n&#237;veis de triglic&#233;ridos e de c&#8208;HDL n&#227;o est&#227;o adequadamente controlados&#46; Acresce que&#44; ao contr&#225;rio do gemfibrozilo&#44; o fenofibrato n&#227;o apresenta intera&#231;&#245;es significativas com as estatinas&#44; o que parece explicar o menor risco de eventos adversos musculares com a combina&#231;&#227;o fenofibrato&#43;estatinas &#40;em compara&#231;&#227;o com a combina&#231;&#227;o gemfibrozilo&#43;estatinas&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">O desenho e a aceita&#231;&#227;o de um algoritmo de tratamento para doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#233; essencial para uniformizar a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e garantir que esta patologia &#233; devidamente identificada e tratada&#44; algo que dever&#225; resultar na redu&#231;&#227;o do risco residual de DCV e&#44; consequentemente&#44; na diminui&#231;&#227;o da morbilidade e mortalidade associadas&#46; De referir que um artigo de consenso recentemente publicado pela <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Latin American Academy for the Study of Lipids</span> &#40;Alalip&#41; preconiza um algoritmo muito semelhante para o tratamento de doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; com a diferen&#231;a que&#44; para al&#233;m dos fibratos&#44; considera tamb&#233;m a possibilidade de adicionar &#225;cidos gordos &#243;mega&#8208;3 ao tratamento quando o objetivo de colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL n&#227;o &#233; atingido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclus&#227;o</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Os m&#233;dicos portugueses que participaram neste estudo mostraram estar familiarizados com a import&#226;ncia da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica no contexto do risco de DCV&#44; particularmente no que diz respeito a&#58; defini&#231;&#227;o de dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com outras morbilidades &#40;nomeadamente de natureza metab&#243;lica&#41;&#59; o facto de a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica ser uma doen&#231;a subdiagnosticada e&#44; como tal&#44; insuficientemente tratada&#59; a relev&#226;ncia do c&#8208;LDL e colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL como indicadores de risco e objetivos terap&#234;uticos&#59; a import&#226;ncia de um estilo de vida saud&#225;vel como elemento fundamental na terap&#234;utica das dislipidemias&#59; o papel das estatinas como terapia antidislipid&#233;mica de primeira linha em indiv&#237;duos com risco de DCV elevado ou muito elevado&#59; e o reconhecimento de que a associa&#231;&#227;o do fenofibrato &#224;s estatinas pode ser usada para tratar o risco CV residual associado &#224; dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica em doentes diab&#233;ticos&#46; No entanto&#44; e n&#227;o obstante a evid&#234;ncia dispon&#237;vel na literatura&#44; &#233; not&#243;ria a exist&#234;ncia de alguma incerteza relacionada com o papel desempenhado pelos TG como marcador de risco e na escolha terap&#234;utica&#44; bem como relativamente ao valor terap&#234;utico dos fibratos no tratamento da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica e na preven&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es microvasculares em doentes diab&#233;ticos&#46; Enquanto a primeira quest&#227;o poder&#225; estar relacionada com a maior relev&#226;ncia atribu&#237;da ao colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL quando comparado com os TG&#44; o ceticismo relativamente aos fibratos parece estar essencialmente relacionado com a interpreta&#231;&#227;o e valoriza&#231;&#227;o da evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica dispon&#237;vel&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neste contexto&#44; a comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica considera fundamental promover a sensibiliza&#231;&#227;o para a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica e o risco de DCV associado&#44; bem como a divulga&#231;&#227;o do conhecimento existente e a implanta&#231;&#227;o de medidas com vista &#224; correta identifica&#231;&#227;o e tratamento adequado desta patologia&#46; Assim&#44; e com base na literatura existente e nas opini&#245;es recolhidas neste estudo&#44; a comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica prop&#245;e aqui um algoritmo de tratamento no qual se destaca a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de estatinas como terap&#234;utica de primeira linha&#44; a avalia&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL como objetivo de tratamento prim&#225;rio&#44; o despiste do fen&#243;tipo de dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica e a associa&#231;&#227;o de fenofibrato &#224; terap&#234;utica quando este se verifica&#46; Espera&#8208;se que este algoritmo sirva como ponto de partida para uniformizar e melhorar a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica relativa ao tratamento da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica em Portugal e dessa forma melhorar os &#237;ndices de morbilidade e mortalidade associados &#224; DCV&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflitos de interesse</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AMS recebeu honor&#225;rios por palestras ou servi&#231;os de consultoria prestados a Amgen&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Jaba&#8208;Recordati&#44; Merck&#44; Mylan&#44; Novartis e Tecnimede&#46; CA recebeu honor&#225;rios por servi&#231;os prestados a Abbott&#44; Amgen&#44; Bial&#8208;Portela&#44; JABA&#8208;Recordati&#44; Merck Sharp &#38; Dohme&#44; Mylan&#44; Sanofi&#8208;Regeneron e Tecnimede&#46; JSD recebeu honor&#225;rios por palestras ou ensaios cl&#237;nicos da Bial&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; JABA&#8208;Recordati&#44; Merck Sharp &#38; Dohme Portugal&#44; Novo Nordisk&#44; Novartis&#44; Amgen&#44; Sanofi e Tecnimede&#46; PMS recebeu honor&#225;rios por palestras ou consultoria da Bayer&#44; JABA&#8208;Recordati&#44; Merck Sharp &#38; Dohme Portugal&#44; Kowa Pharmaceuticals&#44; Novartis&#44; Daiichi Sankyo&#44; Amgen&#44; Sanofi&#8208;Regeneron e Tecnimede&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduc&#807;a&#771;o e objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica contribui consideravelmente para o risco residual de doen&#231;a cardiovascular &#40;DCV&#41;&#59; n&#227;o obstante&#44; esta patologia encontra&#8208;se subdiagnosticada e submedicada&#46; O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a opini&#227;o dos especialistas portugueses e gerar um consenso sobre o diagn&#243;stico e o tratamento da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; bem como promover a uniformiza&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica neste contexto&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudo consistiu na aplica&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio a um painel de peritos seguindo uma metodologia Delphi modificada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A maioria dos itens &#40;88&#44;4&#37;&#41; foi consensual&#46; Os peritos inquiridos mostraram reconhecer a import&#226;ncia da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; o papel preponderante do colesterol de lipoprote&#237;nas de baixa densidade &#40;c&#8208;LDL&#41; e do colesterol total&#44; excluindo o das lipoprote&#237;nas de alta densidade &#40;colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#41;&#44; na indica&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular e na defini&#231;&#227;o de objetivos terap&#234;uticos&#44; a elei&#231;&#227;o das estatinas como f&#225;rmaco antidislipid&#233;mico de primeira linha e a pertin&#234;ncia da sua associa&#231;&#227;o com o fenofibrato para a redu&#231;&#227;o do risco residual&#46; N&#227;o obstante&#44; o painel manifestou incerteza no que se refere ao papel dos triglicer&#237;deos e ao valor terap&#234;utico dos fibratos&#46; Tendo como base a evid&#234;ncia dispon&#237;vel na literatura e as opini&#245;es recolhidas neste estudo&#44; a comiss&#227;o cient&#237;fica elaborou um algoritmo de tratamento com o objetivo de promover a sensibiliza&#231;&#227;o e adequa&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica a doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclus&#245;es</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Os inquiridos mostraram estar familiarizados com o conceito e com a import&#226;ncia da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#59; as poucas situa&#231;&#245;es de aus&#234;ncia de consenso poder&#227;o estar relacionadas com uma diferente interpreta&#231;&#227;o e&#47;ou valoriza&#231;&#227;o da evid&#234;ncia cient&#237;fica dispon&#237;vel&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction and aims</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Atherogenic dyslipidemia is an important contributor to residual cardiovascular &#40;CV&#41; risk&#44; but it is underdiagnosed and undertreated&#46; This study aimed to assess the opinion of Portuguese experts to generate a consensus concerning the diagnosis and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia&#44; as well as to contribute toward standardization of clinical practice in this disorder&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study consisted in the application of a questionnaire to an expert panel&#44; following a modified Delphi methodology&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The majority &#40;88&#46;4&#37;&#41; of the proposed items were found to be consensual&#46; The expert panel recognized the importance of the atherogenic dyslipidemia phenotype&#44; the role played by low&#8208;density lipoprotein cholesterol and non&#8208;high&#8208;density lipoprotein cholesterol as risk markers and therapeutic targets&#44; the choice of statins as first&#8208;line lipid&#8208;lowering drugs&#44; and the value of associating statins with fenofibrate as a means to reduce residual CV risk&#46; However&#44; the role played by triglycerides in CV risk and the therapeutic value of fibrates lacked consensus&#46; Taking into consideration the state of the art and the opinions expressed in this study&#44; the scientific committee developed a treatment algorithm aimed to improve the perception and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The experts involved in this study were shown to be familiar with the concept and the importance of atherogenic dyslipidemia&#46; The few situations in which a consensus could not be found were mainly related to the interpretation and&#47;or relevance of the available evidence&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&#46; Defini&#231;&#227;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&#46;1&#46; A dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#233; uma altera&#231;&#227;o do metabolismo lip&#237;dico que est&#225; relacionada com outras altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas&#44; tais como a diabetes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">mellitus</span> tipo 2 &#40;DM tipo 2&#41;&#44; a obesidade&#44; a s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica e a resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso &#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&#46;2&#46; A dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#233; definida como uma combina&#231;&#227;o de valores baixos de c&#8208;HDL &#40;&#60; 40 mg&#47;dl &#91;&#60;1&#44;0 mmol&#47;l&#41; e &#60; 50 mg&#47;dl &#91;&#60;1&#44;3 mmol&#47;l&#93; nos homens e nas mulheres&#44; respetivamente&#41;&#44; triglicer&#237;deos elevados &#40;&#8805; 150 mg&#47;dl ou &#8805;1&#44;7 mmol&#47;L&#41;&#44; e um aumento da propor&#231;&#227;o de part&#237;culas LDL pequenas e densas em doentes de alto risco&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso &#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&#46;3&#46; Quanto maior &#233; a concentra&#231;&#227;o de triglicer&#237;deos&#44; maior &#233; a propor&#231;&#227;o de part&#237;culas LDL pequenas e densas&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso &#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&#46; Epidemiologia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&#46;1&#46; Em Portugal&#44; a dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica est&#225; subdiagnosticada e subtratada&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&#46;2&#46; A dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#233; comum em doentes com DM tipo 2&#44; s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica&#44; obesidade&#44; doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica e algumas doen&#231;as autoimunes&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&#46;3&#46; O risco cardiovascular residual &#233; definido como o risco de eventos cardiovasculares que persiste em doentes que atingiram os objetivos terap&#234;uticos em termos de c&#8208;LDL&#44; press&#227;o arterial e n&#237;veis glic&#233;micos&#44; de acordo com o padr&#227;o atual de tratamento&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46; Risco cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;1&#46; Nos doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL &#233; um marcador de risco melhor do que o c&#8208;LDL&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#44;13&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;2&#46; Nos doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#44; e apesar do tratamento com estatinas&#44; persiste um risco cardiovascular significativo mesmo quando o c&#8208;LDL est&#225; no valor alvo&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;3&#46; A redu&#231;&#227;o dos triglicer&#237;deos melhora o risco cardiovascular em doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica e com n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL controlados&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#44;50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de consenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;4&#46; Uma redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL para valores n&#227;o superiores a 30 mg&#47;dl acima do n&#237;vel alvo de c&#8208;LDL melhora o risco cardiovascular em doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;5&#46; Os n&#237;veis de colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL devem ser avaliados para determinar o risco cardiovascular em doentes diab&#233;ticos com triglicer&#237;deos elevados&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;29&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;6&#46; Os triglicer&#237;deos elevados&#44; enquanto marcadores de lipoprote&#237;nas ricas em triglicer&#237;deos como as LDL remanescentes&#44; contribuem para a patog&#233;nese da doen&#231;a isqu&#233;mica card&#237;aca&#44; de acordo com o que mostram estudos gen&#233;ticos recentes&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#44;43&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46;7&#46; O conte&#250;do de colesterol das part&#237;culas remanescentes parece ser um fator causal mais importante no risco cardiovascular do que os triglicer&#237;deos&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;14&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46; Dete&#231;&#227;o e diagn&#243;stico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;1&#46; Uma grande propor&#231;&#227;o dos doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica que recebem terap&#234;uticas hipolipemiantes n&#227;o alcan&#231;a os objetivos terap&#234;uticos recomendados&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;2&#46; O rastreio de dislipidemias deve ser efetuado em todos os homens com idade superior a 40 anos e nas mulheres com idade superior a 50 anos ou na p&#243;s&#8208;menopausa&#44; particularmente quando na presen&#231;a de outros fatores de risco vascular&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;3&#46; O risco cardiovascular total deve ser estimado &#40;usando um sistema de avalia&#231;&#227;o como o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Score</span>&#41; em todos os adultos assintom&#225;ticos com idade superior a 40 anos e sem evid&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a cardiovascular&#44; diabetes&#44; doen&#231;a renal cr&#243;nica ou hipercolesterolemia familiar&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;29&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;4&#46; Os n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL devem ser usados no rastreio&#44; estimativa de risco&#44; diagn&#243;stico e tratamento dos doentes&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;43&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;5&#46; O colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL deve ser considerado como um marcador de risco e deve ser calculado&#44; particularmente nos indiv&#237;duos com um n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos elevado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;14&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;6&#46; &#201; recomend&#225;vel quantificar o c&#8208;HDL antes do in&#237;cio do tratamento&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;7&#46; Os n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deos devem ser considerados para o diagn&#243;stico e escolha terap&#234;utica&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;33&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de consenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46;8&#46; Os n&#237;veis de ApoB podem ser uma alternativa ao colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#44;43&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46; Objetivos terap&#234;uticos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;1&#46; O objetivo terap&#234;utico dever&#225; ser uma redu&#231;&#227;o global dos n&#237;veis lip&#237;dicos&#44; e n&#227;o o atingimento de valores particulares nos diferentes componentes do perfil lip&#237;dico&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#8208;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&#44;50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de consenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;2&#46; Em doentes com um risco cardiovascular muito elevado&#44; o objetivo terap&#234;utico &#233; um n&#237;vel de c&#8208;LDL inferior a 70 mg&#47;dl &#40;1&#44;8 mmol&#47;l&#41; ou uma redu&#231;&#227;o de pelo menos 50&#37; se o c&#8208;LDL basal se situar entre 70 e 135 mg&#47;dl&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;3&#46; Em doentes com um risco cardiovascular elevado&#44; o objetivo terap&#234;utico &#233; um n&#237;vel de c&#8208;LDL inferior a 100 mg&#47;dl &#40;2&#44;6 mmol&#47;l&#41; ou uma redu&#231;&#227;o de pelo menos 50&#37; se o c&#8208;LDL basal se situar entre 100 e 200 mg&#47;dl&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;4&#46; Em doentes com um risco cardiovascular moderado ou baixo&#44; o objetivo terap&#234;utico &#233; um n&#237;vel de c&#8208;LDL inferior 115 mg&#47;dl &#40;3 mmol&#47;l&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;5&#46; O tratamento farmacol&#243;gico da hipertriglicerid&#233;mia dever&#225; ser considerado em doentes de alto risco com n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deos superiores a 200 mg&#47;dl &#40;2&#44;3 mmol&#47;l&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;6&#46; O n&#237;vel dos triglicer&#237;deos superior a 500 mg&#47;dl encontra&#8208;se associado ao risco de pancreatite&#44; requerendo terap&#234;utica farmacol&#243;gica para a redu&#231;&#227;o da hipertriglicerid&#233;mia&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46;7&#46; O objetivo terap&#234;utico para o colesterol n&#227;o&#8208;HDL &#233; facilmente calculado&#44; adicionando 30 mg&#47;dl &#40;0&#44;8 mmol&#47;L&#41; ao objetivo terap&#234;utico para o c&#8208;LDL&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;43&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46; Tratamento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;1&#46; Mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida &#8211; como por exemplo a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica e uma dieta saud&#225;vel &#8211; s&#227;o um componente fundamental do tratamento das dislipidemias&#44; nomeadamente da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;2&#46; &#201; recomend&#225;vel optar por uma abordagem multifatorial em doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica e DM tipo 2&#44; que tenha em conta n&#227;o s&#243; o perfil lip&#237;dico&#44; mas tamb&#233;m o controlo da press&#227;o arterial e dos n&#237;veis glic&#233;micos&#47;HbA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1c</span>&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;3&#46; A hist&#243;ria familiar dever&#225; ser tida em considera&#231;&#227;o&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;71&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;4&#46; A estatinas s&#227;o a terapia hipolipemiante de primeira linha nos doentes com dislipidemia e com risco cardiovascular elevado ou muito elevado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;5&#46; A estatina e a sua dose devem ser selecionadas em fun&#231;&#227;o da magnitude da redu&#231;&#227;o do c&#8208;LDL necess&#225;ria para atingir o objetivo terap&#234;utico&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;6&#46; As estatinas devem ser prescritas at&#233; &#224; dose m&#225;xima recomendada&#47;tolerada&#44; com vista a atingir o objetivo terap&#234;utico&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;14&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;7&#46; A ezetimiba pode ser combinada com estatinas para uma maior redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de c&#8208;LDL&#44; no caso de o valor alvo n&#227;o ter sido atingido usando uma estatina em monoterapia&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;8&#46; No tratamento farmacol&#243;gico da hipertrigliceridemia&#44; os fibratos s&#227;o indicados para redu&#231;&#227;o dos triglicer&#237;deos&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;9&#46; Os fibratos&#44; nomeadamente o fenofibrato&#44; devem ser usados para tratar o risco cardiovascular residual associado &#224; dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;75&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de consenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;10&#46; Uma combina&#231;&#227;o de fenofibrato e estatinas pode ser considerada no caso de doentes de alto risco medicados com estatinas que mantenham um n&#237;vel de triglicer&#237;deos superior a 200 mg&#47;dl &#40;2&#44;3 mmol&#47;l&#41;&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#44;57&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;11&#46; O fenofibrato &#233; o &#250;nico fibrato recomendado para terap&#234;utica combinada com estatinas&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#44;14&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;12&#46; A combina&#231;&#227;o estatina &#43; fenofibrato pode ser usada para tratar o risco cardiovascular residual associado &#224; dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">i&#46;e&#46;&#44;</span> n&#237;veis elevados de triglicer&#237;deos e reduzidos de c&#8208;HDL&#41; em doentes diab&#233;ticos&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;13&#46; Uma combina&#231;&#227;o em dose fixa num &#250;nico comprimido deve ser usada para aumentar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento em doentes com dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;86&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;14&#46; Os fibratos t&#234;m efeitos ben&#233;ficos para al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis lip&#237;dicos&#44; nomeadamente uma melhoria da retinopatia e albumin&#250;ria em doentes diab&#233;ticos&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;63&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aus&#234;ncia de consenso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46;15&#46; Os resultados do estudo ACCORD demonstraram que o tratamento da dislipidemia aterog&#233;nica em doentes diab&#233;ticos apresenta benef&#237;cios em termos de redu&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#8208;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#44;00&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Consenso&#40;ronda 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2178489.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "pt" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Resultados do question&#225;rio Delphi</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Refer&#234;ncias"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:50 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "OECD&#46; Health at a Glance 2017&#58; OECD Indicators&#44; 2017&#59; OECD Publishing&#44; Paris&#46; doi&#58; doi&#46;org&#47;10&#46;1787&#47;health&#95;glance&#8208;2017&#8208;en&#46;"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Instituto Nacional de Estat&#237;stica&#46; Causas de morte 2016&#46; 2018&#46; Dispon&#237;vel em&#58; www&#46;ine&#46;pt&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors&#58; Epidemiology and Risk Assessment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.007"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "numero" => "1 SUPPL"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3A"
                        "paginaFinal" => "9A"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102968"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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